Forces by Proxy is a new theory which unifies all forces of nature. Based on a simple postulate of the existence of a mini-particle, the theory explains in detail the working mechanisms for gravitation, electromagnetism and the strong force.

The theory of Forces by Proxy as presented here at www.Karlsen-Particle.com, has been published in 5000 copies as a separate paper magazine as an attachment to the Norwegian magazine ”Astronomi” no. 4, May 2009. Also a 48 minutes animated video of the theory was attached.

This website of Forces by Proxy was introduced in January 20008 followed by 2 press releases. By May 2009, this website is updated, except for the animated video parts. Further updates will only be carried out on www.PrinciplePhysics.com

The theory postulates the existence of an extremely abundant mini-particle – a sort of mini-Higgs which gives energy to all elementary particles through extremely frequent interaction. According to the theory, there are no direct attractive forces or fields, all attractive forces are explained as particle pressure from outside. Attraction is generated when elementary particles reduce the particle pressure of this mini-particle, thereby allowing the average background pressure to exercise the contractive forces as pressure form outside. This is in short the definition of Forces by Proxy.

Forces by Proxy has an enormous strength in explaining anomalies in physics, like explaining the speed of stars in galaxies without resorting to dark matter. A whole new model for the formation of galaxies is presented, with a radically new model for forces in galaxies. The theory denies the existence of dark matter. The Big Bang theory is also abolished, and no time-travel will ever be allowed. The curvature of space is explained as the vector sum of the particle pressure, while space itself is straight as a ruler, unless you incorporate the mini-particle as part of space itself.  

Forces by Proxy represents a new way to look at nature. If correct, this theory will solve the contradiction between quantum mechanics and gravity that was introduced in 1925. Having a simple theory which allows us to understand the fundamental functions of nature would greatly enhance the outcome from research performed globally, and put us in a better position to meet the challenges of an increasingly difficult situation on our planet.

Most of all – don’t believe in this model or anything else – challenge it.

Fig. 1  Pioneer 10 and 11 are experiencing an anomalous acceleration towards the Sun. It is suspected that there is a systematic origin to the effect, but none has been found. Our model explains this effect as a combination of attractive and repulsive forces at work in our galaxy. The arrows show the direction at which the two space crafts left our solar system.

Credit galaxy: NASA / JPLCaltech / R.Hurt (SSC-Caltech); Pioneer probes: NASA; Graphics: Trond Erik Hillestad

This model for the unifying theory of physics started out as a quest for a better understanding of the force of gravity. At the same time I had a hope that it could go even further and lead to a common understanding for both gravitation and quantum mechanics. In the process of developing the model it became evident that all basic forces could be understood and explained without any direct attractive properties at all. To achieve this, contraction had to be executed by a background particle pressure, which is the essence of FORCES BY PROXY. At this stage the model must be regarded as a hypothesis.

This model for the unification of all forces in nature is based upon a fundamental discovery that it is possible to assign a simple particle with a set of properties which allows it to explain all basic forces in the universe. In this sense it is a Unifying Particle.

We need a simple symbol for our tiny particle. All letters in the alphabet are already taken, so we borrowed the letter K to symbolise the Unifying Particle for now. It is important to note that K here has nothing to do with any other particle known by the letter K.

The Ks interact with the elementary particles in a mass M at an extremely high frequently. If our model is correct, 1 kg of matter interacts with Ks more than 10⁵⁰ times per second. At a much lower frequency, more like a billion times per second, some Ks are transformed to K neutrinos, which loose their ability to interact with matter.

Fig. 2. An electron in a dense flux of K particles. The figure illustrate the smallness of the Ks, while  saying nothing about the shape of an electron.

All known particles (protons, neutrons, electrons, photons etc) inhabit a universe densely filled with Ks, and since the particles cannot exchange attractive forces with each other directly, they must interact through a third party (=force by proxy), the background K flux. There are 3 fundamentally different ways in which particles can modify the K flux. When a particle absorbs and emits Ks, electromagnetism and gravitation is decided by what happens during the time the Ks are retained in the particle, while the strong force is decided by the geometry of the K emission patterns. So particles will generate K flux deviance through the way they modify the K flux, and thereby allow the average background K flux to execute the basic attractive forces.

Force by Proxy – a Definition:

When one object is attracted to another object by means of a third party force, then there is a force by proxy. The attracting object which causes the attraction will always modify its emitted Ks in such a way that there is some sort of deficiency in the emitted K flux. This causes the average background K flux to form a surplus relative to the emitted K flux. A surplus of Ks will therefore hit the attracted object and push it towards the attracting object.

Wherever a K is moving, there will always be a counterpart K moving in the exact opposite direction. When a K goes missing because a particle is modifying the K flux, then the background’s counterpart of the missing K will execute the force by proxy. This is of course a statistical process. The smaller the particles, and the shorter the timeframes this shall work for, the larger are the statistical variations of the process. The counterpart K which executes the force by proxy represents a statistical average.

Physicists have failed to find the unifying theory since quantum mechanics was introduced in 1925. So at first I thought such a theory had to be quite advanced and complicated in its setup. After testing several models with hypothetical particles with different add-on properties designed to explain the attractive forces, the task seemed increasingly difficult. But failing to demonstrate any consistent theory by more complex particles, I realized that several of my difficulties could be resolved if I considered gravitation to be particle pressure from outside, and simply gave the particle I was looking for a positive energy and a positive momentum. This setup is not original; it has already failed repeatedly, so there had to be a new twist to this known approach. The configuration for the postulated particle does indeed have a major twist to it, and so have the elementary particles with respect to how they interact with this postulated new particle.

The conclusions in this article are based on the postulated existence of a fundamental particle. Its existence is the main hypothesis of a new model in physics. Implications of the existence of this fundamental particle are deducted for various aspects of physics. The quest is to make probable submodels for both micro-cosmos and macro-cosmos. Since the existence of any directly attractive force is denied, it is important to demonstrate that consequential models can be adapted to all parts of physics without running into evident contradictions. Rather to the contrary, the models eliminate several anomalies in physics and explain all basic forces as a result of this one particle. Forces by proxy replaces all basic attractive forces.

At this stage there is only circumstantial evidence for the existence of a fundamental particle as described here. Its existence will not be proven in this article, so it is still a hypothesis. However, for the rest of this article I will only present the consequences of the unifying particle, so be aware that all results depend on whether the main hypothesis will stand the scrutiny of the scientific community.

This presentation has several goals:

• To describe the necessary properties of K.

• To describe the necessary properties of elementary particles as they interact with Ks.

• To describe a possible working mechanism for each of the basic forces of nature by developing probable sub models for every force.

• To describe all basic forces without resorting to any attractive properties, but instead demonstrating how this works by using the background K flux as a force by proxy.

• To describe the basis for the uncertainty principle.

• To describe the basis for the conservation laws.

• To explain the true nature of the curvature of space.

• To describe a probable model for the formation of galaxies.

• To describe the forces within galaxies, thereby explaining the gravitational anomalies in galaxies.

• To describe a probable model for the formation of hydrogen in galaxies.

• To deduct a modified gravitational potential.

• To suggest a possible model for the formation of the universe.

• To suggest a possible model for stars and the fusion process.

• To demystify nature, by demonstrating a model where time travel and big bang have no place.

• To apply understandable models also for complex phenomena, thereby bringing physics closer to people.

Even if the basic postulate is correct, I see it as unlikely that all the proposed models will survive the scrutiny of the scientific community as presented here. This is of little concern, if the foundation stands. I want to show plausible submodels, and thereby inspire others to develop improved submodels. However, the submodels are important, since they are very specific

Feedback is appreciated. Comments and questions to this page can be emailed to:

jorgen@karlsen-particle.com

The version of Forces by Proxy presented here will by May 22nd 2009 be the same as the version which was published May 22nd in the Norwegian Magazine "Astronomi". Only some details regarding layout will be different due to the difference in format.